Force Schema Metaphor in Argument-based Contextsin Gibran Khalil Gibran’s Language.

Abstract

This research attempts to present a cognitive vision for argumentation, as a mental and practical mechanism of the complex thought processes that the human mind creates and which can be manifested in various discursive forms, both linguistic and non-linguistic. First, we refer to our perceptions of the conceptual metaphors that govern build and conduct our view of the argumentation. Secondly, and this we believe is the core of this research, we look at the argumentation as a process based on the force scheme metaphor, as initiated by cognitivists, especially Leonard Talmy, who showed that the structural conceptualization of argumentation is reflected by language in its different structures and is based on the force dynamics. For this reason, we selected some linguistic structures that are based on the force schema structure and explained how they represent an argumentative structure based on the conflict between Aantagonist and Agonist, and how this is evident in the structures based on argumentative connections. Finally, we explained how this metaphor and other metaphors combine in support of this argumentative structure. Gibran Khalil Gibran's literary writings represent a rich repertoire that enables us to carry out these concepts, and at the same time reveal one of the most important characteristics of Gibran’s writing. It is mainly based on the metaphor of force, and at the same time builds an argumentative discourse that contradicts existing perceptions and convinces with new perceptions that reflect his vision of man and the universe.