The Argument of Dialogue

IN The Novel (Karnak) Najib Mahfouz

Abstract

Dialogue is an arena for the exchange of ideas, attitudes and ideologies, as Bakhtin mentioned, and is in this sense one of the forms of persuasive argumental communication between the parties involved. There is no doubt that the multiplicity and diversity of ideologies is a fertile environment for the growth, development and emergence of dialogue in different patterns; July 1952, highlighting its real achievements and monitoring its negatives, which led to the June 1967 setback.  The study concluded that four dialogic patterns appeared in Karnak:  1- Alternating dialogue: in which the narrator hides behind the function of the neutral transmitter by assigning the sounds to their owners.  2- The truncated dialogue: in which the system of vocal alternation has been violated, in which the dialogic alternation expresses the response of the party participating in the dialogic process by a non-linguistic act.  3- Indirect dialogue: It means the participation of linguistic and non-linguistic elements in an interactive process that has a function within the discourse of the novel.  4- Negotiating dialogue: which depends on the principle of bargaining to achieve the interest of one party over the interest of the other.